The California city has moved up to number six on the Global Financial Centres Index (GFCI), a list of the world’s top financial centers, topping Shanghai for the first time and moving the Chinese city down a notch.

The list, assembled by think tanks Z/Yen Partners and the China Development Institute, looks at 120 financial centers around the world, ranking them based on an online questionnaire from thousands of professionals in the industry.

New York, not surprisingly, once again topped the list (as it has been since 2018) and London took the number two spot. Singapore once again ranked third, topping Hong Kong.

There was, however, a fair bit of upheaval in the most recent rankings. Chicago, Boston, and Seoul entered the top 10, replacing Paris, Shenzhen, and Beijing. And, while they failed to make the top 10, Atlanta and San Diego both rose more than 10 places in the rankings.

“While there is considerable variation across centres, the index suggests that confidence in financial centres and the world economy remains high, with a recognition that inflation levels are falling and economic growth generally secure, even with the instability caused by the continuing war in Ukraine,” Dhanesswurnath Thakoor, CEO of FSC Mauritius, wrote in the report’s foreward.

Here’s how the Top 10 shook out, along with their ranking in last year’s list.

1. New York, US   (1)
2. London   (2)
3. Singapore   (3)
4. Hong Kong   (4)
5. San Francisco   (5)
6. Los Angeles   (7)
7. Shanghai   (6)
8. Chicago   (12)
9. Boston   (14)
10. Seoul   (11)

UK retail sales jumped in February, rebounding for the second successive month, while consumer confidence increased in March, according to data published on Friday.

The figures come despite rising inflation across the UK and a series of interest rate increases from the Bank of England.

The volume of retail sales, or the amount of goods sold in shops, increased 1.2 per cent between January and February, following a 0.9 per cent increase the previous month, according to figures from the Office for National Statistics. The figure was well above analyst forecasts of a 0.5 per cent increase.

Separately, research group GfK said its index of consumer confidence, a closely watched measure of how people view their personal finances and wider economic prospects, had risen this month by two points to -36.

The reading was the highest since March 2022 and in line with analyst forecasts, but it remained well below zero, indicating an overall decline in confidence.

Respondents to the survey, which ran between March 1 and 14, were more optimistic about the year ahead, with the sub-index measuring their general outlook on the future economic situation increasing by 3 points to -40.

But Joe Staton, client strategy director at GfK, said the overall improvement masked “continuing concerns among consumers about their personal financial situation”.

Respondents’ forecast for their personal finances in the next year fell three points to -21, pointing to the fact that “wages are not keeping up with rising prices and the cost of living crisis remains a stark reality for most”, said Staton.

Overall, consumer confidence in March was five points lower than in the same month in 2022, as soaring energy bills, higher interest rates and food prices squeezed household budgets over the past year.

The GfK data followed confirmation on Wednesday from the Office for National Statistics that consumer price inflation rose to 10.4 per cent in February, up from 10.1 per cent in January.

The unexpected uptick in inflation has reinforced fears that price rises are increasingly being driven by domestic pressures in the services sector, which tend to be more persistent than the external shock of high energy prices.

“Just having enough money to live right and pay the bills remains the number one concern for consumers across the UK,” said Staton.

Nevertheless, GfK noted that consumers in March reported a slight uptick in their willingness to make expensive purchases, as well as in the likelihood that they would put money into savings accounts.

Ashley Webb, UK economist at Capital Economics, a research company, said that “even though real household incomes have been eroded due to high inflation, households appear to have supported their real spending by using their pandemic savings”. She added that resilience in the labour market had also lifted consumer morale.

The survey comes a day after the Bank of England raised interest rates by 0.25 percentage points to 4.25 per cent, marking the central bank’s 11th consecutive increase since December 2021 in response to high inflation.

Webb said that while further rises in the base rate were “likely to weigh on consumer confidence, we don’t expect interest rates to rise much further from here.

“Instead, we expect the easing in inflation and the resultant boost in real household incomes will support consumer confidence this year.”